History Class 12 english

  CBSE Class 12 History Part-I: Chapter 1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES: The Harappan Civilisation Revision Notes Key concepts in nutshells Period:- Early Harappan culture - Before 2600 BCE Mature Harappa culture - 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE Late Harappa culture - After 1900 BCE Extent of Harappan civilisation:- Northern boundary- Manda Southern Boundary- Daimabad Eastern boundary- Alamgirpur Western boundary- Sutkagendor Characteristics of the Harappan Civilisation. Time Line 1 Major Periods in Early Indian Archaeology 2 million BP (Before Present) Lower Palaeolithic 80,000 Middle Palaeolithic 35,000 Upper Palaeolithic 12,000 Mesolithic 10,000 Neolithic (early agriculturists and pastoralists) 6,000 Chalcolithic (first use of copper) 2600 BCE Harappan civilization 1000 BCE Early iron, megalithic burials 600 BCE - 400 CE Early Historic Subsistence strategies The Harappans ate wide range of plants and animal products. Animal bones found at Harappan sites include those of cattle, sheep, goat, buf...

  CBSE Class 12 History NCERT Solution Chapter 01 Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan Civilisation Answer in 100-150 words 1. List the items of food available to people in Harappan cities. Identify the groups who would have provided these. Years. Food Groups who provide these food items Products taken from plants Food gatherers Flesh and fish Hunter groups Wheat maize, millet, pulses, rice, and other eatable products Agricultural groups 2. How do archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society? Ans.  Following examples can be cited to show the existence of social and economic variations in the Harappan society: Study of burials is one example. In the Harappan sites, the deads were usually laid in pits. There were differences in the way burial pits were made. At some instances, the hollowed-out spaces were lined with bricks. But these may not be taken as an indication of social differences. In some graves pottery and ornaments have been found. Jeweller...

  CBSE Class 12 History Part-I: CHAPTER 2 KINGS, FARMERS AND TOWNS: Early States and Economics (C 600 BCE - 600 CE) Revision Notes Key concept in nutshell Several developments in different parts of the subcontinent (India) the long span of 1500 following the end of Harappan Civilization:- Rigveda was composed along the Indus and its tributaries. Agricultural Settlements emerged in several parts of the subcontinent. New mode of disposal of the dead like making megaliths. By C 600 BCE growth of new cities and kingdoms. 600 BCE major turning point in early Indian history. Growth of sixteen Mahajanapadas. Many were ruled by kings. Some known as ganas or sanghas were oligarchies Between the 600 BCE and 400 BCE Magadha became the most powerful Mahajanapada. Emergence of Mauryan Empire Chandragupta Maurya (C 321 BCE) founder of the empire extended control upto Afghanistan and Baluchistan. His grandson Ashoka, the most famous ruler conquered Kalinga. Variety of sources to reconstruct ...